![]() Indications for amputation are related to the degree of tissue necrosis or viability, and it is performable in either a single operation or a staged manner (amputation followed by reconstruction). It is subdivided into hindfoot (talus and calcaneus bones), midfoot (cuboid, navicular, three cuneiform bones) and forefoot (metatarsals and phalanges). The muscles of the foot can be extrinsic, originating from the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and intrinsic muscles, originating from the foot. The foot is composed of seven tarsal bones, five metatarsals, and fourteen phalanges. * The lesser saphenous vein is located in the subcutaneous tissue of the posterior lower leg and runs parallel to the sural nerve. The lower leg compartments and its contents are the following: *The great saphenous vein and nerve are located in the subcutaneous tissue of the medial thigh and run parallel to the intermuscular septum of the anterior and medial compartments. Quadriceps, composed of rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medius, and vastus intermedius.The thigh compartments and its contents are the following: The lower extremity is subdivided into the thigh (between the hip and knee joints), lower leg (between knee and ankle), and the foot (calcaneus and distally). Amputations are procedures that are performed surgically although on rare occasions and limited settings can be performed employing cryoamputation. In addition, it will describe the technique for certain foot amputations (Syme, Chopart, Boyd), but the reader is encouraged to seek further in-depth text for review of these techniques. This activity will focus on amputations at the level of the femur and distally it will cover above-knee, through-knee, and below-knee amputations. Battle-related explosive events can lead to amputation in 93% of cases and approximately 2% of combat casualties leat to limb amputation. Trauma to the lower extremity can lead to amputation in over 20% of patients when associated with severe wound contamination and significant soft tissue loss. Patients with diabetes mellitus have an astounding 30 times greater lifetime risk of undergoing an amputation when compared to patients without diabetes mellitus, which translates to an economic strain in healthcare systems of over $4.3billion in annual costs in the USA alone. ![]() This correlation is due to the increased incidence of diabetes mellitus, which is present in eighty-two percent of all vascular-related lower extremity amputations in the United States. This incidence is directly proportional to rates of peripheral arterial occlusive disease, neuropathy, and soft tissue sepsis. Over 150000 people undergo amputations of the lower extremity in the United States each year. Review interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance lower extremity amputations and improve outcomes.Summarize the appropriate evaluation of the potential complications and clinical significance of lower-extremity amputations.Describe the equipment, personnel, preparation, and technique in regards to lower extremity amputations.Identify the indications and decision-making process regarding the level of a lower extremity amputation. Identify the anatomical structures of the lower extremity.This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of patients requiring a lower-extremity amputation and highlights the role of an interprofessional approach toward caring for this patient population. The level of amputation will depend on the viability of the soft tissues used to obtain bone coverage. The most common causes leading to amputation are diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, and trauma. Approximately 150000 patients per year undergo a lower extremity amputation in the United States.
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